"This report describes data from 11,437 PWID who participated in NHBS in 2018, of whom 69% identified as male, 30% female, and 1% transgender; 39% were white, 33% were black, and 21% were Hispanic or Latino; 36% were aged ≥50 years (Table 1). Among all participants, 26% had no health insurance, 21% had not visited a health care provider, and the household income of 75% of participants was at or below the federal poverty level.

"A systematic review undertaken in 2017 of the coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among PWID showed that needle and syringe programmes were available in only 52 per cent of countries where injecting drug use was reported, while opioid substitution therapy was confirmed to be available in 48 per cent of countries worldwide.

"The joint UNODC/WHO/UNAIDS/World Bank estimate for the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) for 2014 is 11.7 million (range: from 8.4 to 19.0 million), or 0.25 per cent (range: 0.18-0.40 per cent) of the population aged 15-64.

(New HIV Infections Among Youths in the US, by Transmission Method) "In 2010, of the estimated 47,500 new HIV infections, 12,200 (25.7%) were among youths (10,100 [82.8%] among males and 2,100 [17.2%] among females). An estimated 7,000 (57.4%) newly infected youths were blacks/African Americans (5,600 males and 1,400 females), 2,390 (19.6%) were Hispanics/Latinos (2,100 males and 290 females), and 2,380 (19.5%) were whites (2,100 males and 280 females) (Figure 2).

(HIV Prevalence Among Youth) "In 2009, youths (defined in this report as persons aged 13–24 years), who represented 21% of the U.S. population, comprised 6.7% of persons living with HIV. More than half (59.5%) were unaware of their infection, the highest for any age group ⁽¹⁾."

(AIDS Diagnoses in the US, by Transmission Method and Gender) "From 2009 through 2013, the annual number of infections classified as stage 3 (AIDS) among adult and adolescent males with HIV infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, injection drug use, male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, or heterosexual contact decreased. The number of infections classified as stage 3 (AIDS) among adult and adolescent females with HIV infection attributed to injection drug use or heterosexual contact decreased."

(Trends in HIV Deaths in the US, by Transmission Method and Gender) "Sex and transmission category: From 2010 through 2014, the rates of deaths for male and female adults and adolescents decreased. The number of deaths among males with diagnosed HIV infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, to injection drug use, to male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, or to heterosexual contact decreased. The number of deaths among females with infection attributed to injection drug use or to heterosexual contact decreased.

(Global Estimated Prevalence of IDU-Related HIV, 2011) "Of the estimated 14.0 million (range: 11.2 million to 22.0 million) people who inject drugs worldwide, UNODC estimates that 1.6 million (range: 1.2 million to 3.9 million) are living with HIV. That represents a global prevalence of HIV of 11.5 per cent among people who inject drugs.¹⁵

(Method of Infection, AIDS Diagnoses 2008-2011) "From 2008 through 2011, the annual number of infections classified as stage 3 (AIDS) among adult and adolescent males with HIV infection attributed to male-to-male sexual contact increased. The numbers of stage 3 (AIDS) classifications among males with infection attributed to injection drug use, to male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, and to heterosexual contact decreased.

(HIV/AIDS Death Rate in Prisons, 2001-2010) "The rate of AIDS-related deaths in state prisons among inmates ages 15 to 54 declined sharply between 2001 and 2009, compared to the more modest decline observed among the same age group in the U.S. general population. As a result, the AIDS-related death rate in state prisons fell below the rate in the U.S. general population in 2009.