In 2018, the US adult correctional system had under its supervision one in every 40 US adults, which is a rate of 2,510 people under supervision per 100,000 US residents aged 18 or older.

The rate for the population on community supervision, i.e. probation and parole, in 2018 was 1,730 per 100,000 US residents aged 18 or older, and 1,340 per 100,000 US residents of all ages.

The rate for the incarcerated population, in jails and prisons, in 2018 was 830 per 100,000 US residents aged 18 or older, and 650 per 100,000 US residents of all ages.

"Persons supervised in the community on either probation (3,540,000 persons) or parole (878,000) continued to make up the majority of the correctional population at year-end 2018. Nearly 7 in 10 persons in the correctional population were supervised in the community at year-end 2018 (4,399,000), while 3 in 10 were incarcerated in state or federal prisons or local jails (2,123,100)."

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"The decline in the total correctional population, from 6,549,700 in 2017 to 6,410,000 in 2018, continued a downward trend that began in 2008 (table 1). Persons supervised in the community on either probation (3,540,000 persons) or parole (878,000) continued to make up the majority of the correctional population at year-end 2018. Nearly 7 in 10 persons in the correctional population were supervised in the community at year-end 2018 (4,399,000), while 3 in 10 were incarcerated in state or federal prisons or local jails (2,123,100).²